Selected Scholarly Articles

  1. Hammer GB, Schwinn D, Wollman H: Post-operative complications due to paradoxical vocal cord motion. Anesthesiology 1987; 66:686-687. PMID: 3578883
  1. Hammer GB: Ultra-high dose trimethaphan in an infant with severe hypertension. Clinical Toxicology 1996;34:227- 229. PMID: 8618259
  1. Hammer GB, Krane EJ: Perioperative care of the neurosurgical pediatric patient. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 1996;34(4):55- 71. PMID: 8956064
  1. Hammer GB, So S, Conley S, et al: Continuous venovenous hemofiltration with dialysis in combination with total hepatectomy and portocaval shunting: bridge to liver transplantation. Transplantation 1996;61:1-3. PMID: 8693530
  1. Hammer GB, Manos SJ, Smith BM, Skarsgard ED, Brodsky JB: Single lung ventilation in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology 1996;84:1503-1506. PMID: 8669693
  1. Hammer GB, Frankel LR: Mechanical ventilation for pediatric patients. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 1997;35(1):139-67. PMID: 9113526
  1. Cacciarelli TV, Esquivel CO, Moore DH, Cox KL, Berquist WE, Concepcion W, Hammer GB, So SKS: Factors affecting survival after orthotopic liver transplantation in infants. Transplantation 1997;64:242-248. PMID: 9256181
  1. Alfrey EJ, Conley SB, Tanney DC, Mak R, Scandling JD, Dafoe DC, Hammer GB, et al: Use of an augmented urinary bladder can be catastrophic in renal transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings 1997;29:154-155. PMID: 9122939
  1. Hammer GB, Chuljian P, Al-Uzri A, et al: Intraoperative management of small children undergoing kidney transplantation. American Journal of Anesthesiology 1997;24:37-39.
  1. Salvatierra O, Tanney D, Mak R, Alfrey E, Lemley K, Mackie F, So S, Hammer GB, et al: Pediatric renal transplantation and its challenges. Transplantation Reviews 1997;11:51-69.
  1. Salvatierra O, Alfrey E, Tanney DC, Mak R, Hammer GB, et al: Superior outcomes in pediatric renal transplantation. Archives of Surgery 1997;132:842-849. PMID: 9267267
  1. Hammer GB: The use of propofol anesthesia for children undergoing cardioversion. J Int Care Med 1997;12:223-224.
  1. Lammers CR, Hammer GB, Brodsky JB, Cannon WB: Failure to separate and isolate the lungs with an endotracheal tube positioned in the bronchus. Anesth Analg. 1997;85(4):946-7. PMID: 9322490
  1. Alfrey EJ, Conley SB, Tanney DC, Mak R, Scandling JD, Dafoe DC, Hammer GB, et al: Bladder augmentation can be problematic with renal failure and transplantation: Report of 10 cases. Pediatric Nephrology 1997;11:672-675. PMID: 9438639
  1. Hammer GB, Brodsky JB, Redpath J, Cannon WB: The Univent tube for single lung ventilation in children. Pediatr Anesth 1998;8:55-57. PMID: 9483599
  1. Hammer GB, Cao S, Boltz MG, Messner A: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) may present with acute, life-threatening airway obstruction. Anesthesiology 1998;89:263-265. PMID: 9667319
  1. Hammer GB, Fitzmaurice BG, Brodsky JB: Methods for single lung ventilation in pediatric patients. Anesth Analg 1999;89:1426-1429. PMID: 10589621
  1. Hammer GB: Regional anesthesia for pediatric cardiac surgery. J Cardiothoracic Vasc Anesth 1999;13:210-213. PMID: 10230960
  1. Fitzmaurice BG, Zuckerman K, Brodsky JB, Hammer GB: A smaller double-lumen tube for older children. J Clin Anesth. 1999;11(1):79. PMID: 10396725
  1. Hammer GB, Krane EJ: Venous access for pediatric liver transplantation. Anesthesiology 1999;91(1):322-3. PMID: 10422964
  1. Seavello J, Hammer GB: Tracheal intubation in a child with trismus pseudocamptodactyly (Hecht) syndrome. J Clin Anesth 1999;11:254-256. PMID: 10434225
  1. Cao S, Cox KL, Berquist W, Hayashi M, Concepcion W, Hammer GB, et al: Long-term outcomes in pediatric liver recipients: Comparison between cyclosporin A and tacrolimus. Pediatr Transplantation 1999;3:22-26. PMID: 10359027
  1. Hammer GB, Ngo K, Macario A: A retrospective examination of regional plus general anesthesia in children undergoing open heart surgery. Anesth Analg 2000;90:1020-1024. PMID: 10781446
  1. Hammer GB, Krane EJ: Anesthesia for Liver Transplantation in Children. Pediatr Anesth 2001;1:3-18. PMID: 11123726
  1. Hammer GB: Selective bronchial blockade in small infants. Anesth Analg. 2001;93(6):1624-5. PMID: 11726460
  1. Hammer GB, Litalien C, Wellis V, Drover DR: Determination of the median effective concentration (EC50) of propofol during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in children. Pediatr Anesth 2001;11:549-554. PMID: 11696118
  1. Hammer GB , Funck N, Rosenthal DN, Feinstein J: A technique for maintenance of airway access in infants with a difficult airway following tracheal extubation. Pediatr Anesth 2001;11:622-625. PMID: 11696131
  1. Uezono S, Hammer GB , Wellis V, et al: Anesthesia for outpatient repair of patent ductus arteriosus. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2001;15:750-752. PMID: 11748526
  1. Hammer GB, Harrison TK, Vricella LA, Black MD, Krane EJ: Single lung ventilation in children using a new pediatric bronchial blocker. Pediatric Anesthesia 2002;12:69-72. PMID: 11849579
  1. Rosen DA, Rosen KR, Hammer GB: Pro: regional anesthesia is an important component of the anesthetic technique for pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2002;16:374-378. PMID: 12073215
  1. Falco D, Hammer GB: Paradoxical vocal cord motion causing respiratory failure following tracheostomy decannulation. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2002;3:185-186. PMID: 12780992
  1. Hammer GB, Feinstein J: Transesophageal echocardiography guided transventricular balloon dilation of congenital critical aortic stenosis in the neonate and young infant. J Cardiothor Vasc Anesth 2002;16:766-772. PMID: 12486662
  1. Hammer GB: Differential lung ventilation in infants and children with pulmonary hyperinflation. Pediatr Anesth 2003;13:373-374. PMID: 12791108
  1. Hammer GB: Anaesthetic management for the child with a mediastinal mass. Pediatr Anesth 2004;14:95-97. PMID: 14717880
  1. Hammer GB: Single lung ventilation in infants and children. Pediatr Anesth 2004;14:98-102. PMID: 14717881
  1. Drover DR, Litalien C, Wellis V, Shafer SL, Hammer GB: Determination of the pharmacodynamic interaction of propofol and remifentanil during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in children. Anesthesiology 2004;100:1382-1386. PMID: 15166555
  1. Hammer GB , Ramamoorthy C, Cao H, Williams GD, Boltz MG, Kamra K, Drover DR: Postoperative analgesia after spinal blockade in infants and children undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2005;100(5):1283-88. PMID: 15845670
  1. Hammer GB, Philip BM, Schroeder AR, Rosen FS, Koltai PJ: Prolonged infusion of dexmedetomidine for sedation following tracheal resection. Pediatr Anesth 2005;15:616-620. PMID: 15960649
  1. Hammer GB: The role of alpha-2 agonists in pediatric anesthesia. Can J Anaesth 2005;52(6):R1-3. ISSN: 0832-610X (print version) ISSN: 1496-8975 (electronic version) Journal no. 12630.
  1. Mariano ER, Ramamoorthy C, Chu LF, Chen M, Hammer GB: A comparison of three methods for determining appropriate tracheal tube positioning in children. Pediatr Anesth 2005;15(10):846- 851. PMID: 16176312
  1. Golianu B, Hammer GB: Pain management for pediatric thoracic surgery. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2005;18(1):13-21. PMID: 16534312
  1. Brady KM, Harris L, Hammer GB, et al: Lung isolation in a child with unilateral necrotizing clostridium perfringens pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2005;33:2676-2680. PMID: 16276197
  1. Williams GD, Ramamoorthy C, Chu L, Hammer GB, Kamra K, Boltz MG, Pentcheva K, McCarthy JP, Reddy VM: Modified and conventional ultrafiltration during pediatric cardiac surgery: clinical outcomes compared. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006;32:1291-8. PMID: 17140945
  1. Hammer GB, Golianu B: Opioid analgesia in neonates following cardiac surgery. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2007;11(1):47-58. PMID: 17484173
  1. Hammer GB: An alternative airway adaptor for single-lung ventilation in infants. Anesth Analg. 2007;105(3):892-3. PMID: 17717276
  1. Seybold JL, Ramamurthi RJ, Hammer GB: The use of dexmedetomidine during laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and tracheal extubation following tracheal reconstruction. Pediatr Anesth 2007;17:1212-4. PMID: 17986042
  1. Hammer GB, Williams GD: Use of recombinant activated factor VII in children. Pediatr Anesth 2007;17(12):1123-5. PMID: 17986029
  1. Williams GD, Phillips BM, Boltz MG, Kamra K, Hammer G, Perry SB, Feinstein JA, Ramamoorthy C: Ketamine does not increase pulmonary vascular resistance in children with pulmonary hypertension undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia and spontaneous ventilation. Anesth Analg 2007;105(6):1578-84. PMID: 18042853
  1. Hammer GB: Total intravenous anesthesia in infants and children. Clin Ped Anesth 2007;13:38-41.
  1. Hammer GB: Sevoflurane and emergence delirium. Clin Ped Anesth 2007;13:49-51.
  1. Hammer GB, Drover DR, Cao H, et al: The effects of dexmedetomidine on cardiac electrophysiology in children. Anesth Analg 2008;106(1):79-8310. PMID: 18165557
  1. Hammer GB: Con: dexmedetomidine should not be used for infants and children during cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2008;22:152-4. PMID: 18249351
  1. Hammer GB, Verghese ST, Drover DR, Yaster M, Tobin JR: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fenoldopam mesylate for blood pressure control in pediatric patients. BMC Anesthesiol 2008;8:6. PMID: 18837982
  1. Twite MD, Hammer GB: The use of aprotinin in pediatric cardiac surgery: should we bid ‘good riddance’ or are we throwing out the baby with the bath water? Pediatr Anesth 2008;18:809-11. PMID: 18768039
  1. Hammer GB. Sedation and analgesia in the pediatric Intensive Care Unit following laryngotracheal reconstruction. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2008;41(5):1023-44. PMID: 18775348
  1. Sam WJ, Hammer GB, Drover DR: Population pharmacokinetics of remifentanil in infants and children undergoing cardiac surgery. BMC Anesthesiol 2009;27:9-5. PMID: 19635151
  1. Hammer GB, Sam WJ, Chen MI, Golianu B, Drover DR: Determination of the pharmacodynamic interaction of propofol and dexmedetomidine during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in children. Pediatr Anesth 2009;19:138-44. PMID: 19207899
  1. Mariano ER, Ramamoorthy C, Hammer GB: Appropriate endotracheal tube placement in children: don’t throw away your stethoscopes yet! Anesthesiology. 2009;110(2):433-4; author reply 434. PMID: 19164968
  1. Morton NS, Hammer GB: Editorial. Management of the pediatric airway. Paediatr Anaesth 2009 Jul;19 Suppl 1:III-IV. PMID: 19572838
  1. Hammer GB. Sedation and analgesia in the pediatric intensive care unit following laryngotracheal reconstruction. Pediatr Anesth 2009;19:166-79. PMID: 19572854
  1. Sam WJ, Hammer GB, Drover DR. Population pharmacokinetics of remifentanil in infants and children undergoing cardiac surgery. BMC Anesthesiology 2009;27:9:5. PMID:19635151
  1. Williams GD, Maan H, Ramamoorthy C, Kamra K, Bratton SL, Bair E, Kuan CC, Hammer GB, Feinstein JA. Perioperative complications in children with pulmonary hypertension undergoing general anesthesia with ketamine. Pediatr Anesth 2010;(20):28-37. PMID: 20078799
  1. Standing JF, Hammer GB, Sam WJ, Drover DR. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the hypotensive effect of remifentanil in infants undergoing cranioplasty. Pediatr Anesth 2010;20:7-18. PMID: 19825011
  1. Lerman J, Hammer GB, Verghese ST, Deutsch J: Airway responses to desflurane during maintenance of anesthesia and recovery in children with laryngeal mask airways. Pediatr Anesth 2010;20:495-505. PMID: 20456065
  1. Williams GD, Hammer GB: Cardiomyopathy in childhood. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2011;24(3):289-300. PMID: 21478741
  1. Su F, Hammer GB. Dexmedetomidine: Pediatric Pharmacology, Clinical Uses and Safety. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2011;10:55-66. PMID: 20718689
  1. Rosenthal DN, Hammer GB. Cardiomyopathy and heart failure in children: anesthetic implications. Pediatr Anesth 2011;21(5):577-84. PMID: 21481080
  1. Drover DR, Hammer GB: The pharmacokinetics of ketorolac after single postoperative intranasal administration in adolescent patients. Anesth Analg 2012;114:1270-6. PMID: 22467894
  1. Zuppa AF, Hammer GB, Barrett JS, Kenney BF, Kassir N, Mouksassi S, Royal MA. Safety and Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Intravenous Acetaminophen in Neonates, Infants, Children and Adolescents with Pain or Fever. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2011;16(4):246–261. PMID: 22768009
  1. Clavijo CF, Hoffman KL, Thomas JJ, Carvalho B, Chu LF, Drover DR, Hammer GB, Christians U, Galinkin JL. A sensitive assay for the quantification of morphine and its active metabolites in human plasma and dried blood spots using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011;400:715-28. PMID: 21400080
  1. Benkwitz C, Hammer GB. Thrombotic endotracheal occlusion after administration of recombinant factor VIIa. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2013 Dec;27(6):1330-3. PMID: 22959153
  1. Char D, Drover DR, Motonaga KS, Gupta S, Miyake C, Dubin A, Hammer GB. The effects of ketamine on dexmedetomidine-induced electrophysiologic changes in children. Pediatric Anesthesia 2013 Oct;23(10):898-905. PMID: 23506472
  1. Hammer GB, Connolly SG, Schulman SR, Lewandowski A, Cohane C, Reece TL, Anand R, Mitchell J, Drover DR. Sodium nitroprusside is not associated with metabolic acidosis during intraoperative infusion in children. BMC Anesthesiology 2013 Apr 30;13:9. PMID: 23631460
  1. Swezey R, Shinn W, Green C, Drover DR, Hammer GB, et al. Comparison of a new cobinamide- based method to a standard laboratory method for measuring cyanide in human blood. J Anal Toxicol 2013 Jul-Aug;37(6):382-5. PMID: 23653045
  1. Wise-Faberowski L, Quinonez Z, Hammer GB. Anesthesia and the developing brain: relevance to the pediatric cardiac surgery. Neurotoxicity and General Anaesthetics in the Young. Brain Sci. 2014 Apr 16;4(2):295-310. [Epub ahead of print] doi.org/10.3390/brainsci4020295. PMID: 24961762
  1. Spielberg DR, Barrett, JS, Hammer GB, et al. Predictors of blood pressure control during deliberate hypotension with sodium nitroprusside in children. Anesth Analg 2014 Oct;119(4):867-74. PMID: 25099924
  1. Su F, Drover DR, Hammer GB, Anderson B. Population pharmacokinetics of etomidate in neonates and children with congenital heart disease. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2015 Mar;36(2):104-14. PMID: 25377074
  1. Ward RM, Drover DR, Hammer GB, Stemland CJ, Kern S, Tristani-Firouzi M, Lugo RA, Satterfield K, Anderson BJ. The Pharmacokinetics of methadone and its metabolites in neonates, infants, and children. Pediatr Anesth 2014 Jun;24(6):591-601. PMID: 24666686
  1. Hammer GB, Lewandowski A, Drover DR, Rosen DA, et al. Safety and efficacy of sodium nitroprusside during prolonged infusion in pediatric patients. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2015 Jun;16(5):397-403. [Epub ahead of print] doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000000383. PMID: 25715047
  1. Barrett JS, Hirankarn S, Holford N, Hammer GB, et al. A hemodynamic model to guide blood pressure control during deliberate hypotension with sodium nitroprusside in children. Front Pharmacol 2015 July;6:151. [Epub ahead of print] doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2015.00151. PMID: 26283961
  1. Drover, DR, Hammer GB, Barrett JS, Cohane CA, et al. A hemodynamic model to guide blood pressure control during deliberate hypotension with sodium nitroprusside in children. Front Pharmacol 2015;6:151. doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2015.00151 PMID: 26217225 PMID: 26283961
  1. Elkomy M, Drover, DR, Glotzbach K, Galinkin J, Frymoyer A, Su F, Hammer GB. Pharmacokinetics of morphine and its metabolites in infants and young children after congenital heart surgery. AAPS J 2016;18(1):124:33. PMID: 26349564
  1. Elkomy MH, Drover DR, Galinkin JL, Hammer GB, Glotzbach KL. Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Morphine Time-to- Remedication Events in Infants and Young Children after Congenital Heart Surgery. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016 10;55(10):1217-1226. PMID: 27098060
  1. Kruse KE, Purohit PJ, Cadman CR, Su F, Hammer GB. Subglottic stenosis following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017 May;18(5):429-433. PMID: 28277376
  1. Muffly M, Chen M, Claure R, Drover DR, Efron B, Fitch W, Hammer GB. Small-volume injections: evaluation of volume administration deviation from intended injection volumes. Anesth Analg, 2017, Oct;125(4):1192-1199. [Epub ahead of print] doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000001976. PMID: 28338490
  1. Jooste EH, Hammer GB, Reyes CR, Katkade V, Szmuk P. Phase IV, open-label, safety study evaluating the use of dexmedetomidine in pediatric patients undergoing procedure-type sedation. Front Pharmacol 2017;11(8):529. [Epub ahead of print] doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00529. PMID: 28848443
  1. Damian M, Hammer GB, Su F, Drover DR, Anderson B. Pharmacokinetics of Dexmedetomidine in Infants and Children After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation. Anesth Analg.2018;Sept 5. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003761. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 30198929
  1. Hammer GB, Maxwell L, Taicher B, Visoiu M, Cooper D, et al. Randomized Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis and Safety of Intravenous Acetaminophen for Acute Postoperative Pain in Neonates and Infants. J Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Aug 25. doi: 10.1002/jcph.1508. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 31448420
  1. Purohit, P. J., Elkomy, M. H., Frymoyer, A., Sutherland, S. M., Drover, D. R., Hammer, GB., & Su, F. (2019). Antimicrobial Disposition During Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Using an Ex Vivo Model. Crit Care Med 2019;47:e767-73. PMID: 31306179
  1. Bergese SD, Brzezinski, M, Hammer, GB, Beard TL, Pan PH, Mace SE, Berkowitz RD, Cochrane K, Wase, L, Minkowitz HS, Habib AS. ATHENA: A Phase 3, Open-Label Study Of The Safety And Effectiveness Of Oliceridine (TRV130), A G-Protein Selective Agonist At The mu-Opioid Receptor, In Patients With Moderate To Severe Acute Pain Requiring Parenteral Opioid Therapy. J Pain Res 2019; 12: 3113–26. DOI 10.2147/JPR.S21756
  1. Hammer GB, Shafer SL. Playing with Dexmedetomidine Pharmacokinetics. Br J Anesth 2019; DOI 10.1016/j.bja.2019.11.019, PMID 31879025
  1. Kamp J, Olofsen E, Henthorn TK, van Helzen M, Niesters M, Dahan A (Hammer GB as part of the Ketamine Pharmacokinetic Study Group). Ketamine Pharmacokinetics. Anesthesiology 2020; 133:1192-1213. PMID: 32997732
  1. Eissa A, Tarau E, Better C, Radic T, Watson E, Sohns M, Lefeber C, Hammer GB. Tapentadol for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acute pain in children under the age of two years. J Pain Res 2021:14;229-48. PMID: 33542653
  2. Wagar LE, Salahudeen A, Constantz CM, Wendel BS, Lysons MM, Mallajosyula V, Jatt L, Adamska JZ, Bum LK, Gupta N, Jackson K, Yang F, Roltgen K, Roskin RM, Blaine KM, Meister KD, Ahmad IN, Cortese M, Dora EG, Tucker SN, Sperling AI, Jain A, Davis DH, Felgner PL, Hammer, GB, et al. Modeling human adaptive immune responses with tonsil organdies. Nature Medicine 2021;27:125-35. PMID 33432170
  1. Reinhorn M, Soto R, Minkowitz, H, Fanikos J, Hammer GB, et al. Opioid-free hernia recovery with HTX-011 as the foundation of a non-opioid multimodal analgesic regimen in a Phase 3b real-world setting: A randomized, open-label study. Pain Ther 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40122-021- 00289-2.
  1. Brzezinski M, Hammer GB, Candiotti KA, Bergese SD, Pan PH, et al. Low incidence of opioid- induced respiratory depression observed with oliceridine regardless of age or body mass index. Pain Ther 2021;10(1):457-73. PMID: 33502739
  1. Hammer GB, Ayad S, Khanna AK, Little R, Demitrack M, et al. Oliceridine Exhibits Improved Tolerability Compared to Morphine at Equianalgesic Conditions: Exploratory Analysis from Two Phase 3 Randomized Placebo and Active Controlled Trials. Accepted for publication in Pain and Therapy, 2021. (EMID:3e3ba8329e34238)
  1. Tirotta CF, de Armendi AJ, Horn ND, Hammer GB, Szczodry M, et al. Phase 3 study to assess the pharmacokinetics and safety of liposomal bupivacaine in pediatric patients of 6 to <17 years of age undergoing cardiac or spine surgery. Accepted for publication to Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 2021.
  2. Hammer GB. Mindfulness and GAIN: The solution to burnout in medicine? Pediatr Anesth 2021;31(1):74-9. PMID: 33034156. DOI: 10.1111/pan.14033
  3. Khan U, Hammer GB, Duncan-Azadi C, Suzuki Y, et al. A randomized, double-blind, dose-controlled study of the use of dexmedetomidine alone for procedural sedation of children and adolescents undergoing MRI scans. Pediatr Anesth 2024; 34:405-14. PMID: 38363011. DOI: 10.1111/pan.14857.

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